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The accentual system of the Proto-Slavic language is reconstructed as being ''free'' (i.e. phonologically unpredictable, meaning that it can occur on any syllable in the word) and ''mobile'' (i.e. accent position could change place throughout the inflectional paradigm) pitch accent system.〔 ''"The late Proto-Slavic situation in regard to suprasegmental features was as follows: stress was free and mobile.."''〕 Proto-Slavic accent is closely related to the accentual system of some Baltic languages (Lithuanian and Latvian) with whom it shares many common innovations that occurred in the Proto-Balto-Slavic period. Deeper, it inherits from the Proto-Indo-European accent, which was also free and mobile, though the latter to a much lesser extent. In modern languages the prototypical accent is reflected in East Slavic languages (Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian) as stress position, in South Slavic languages as pitch accent (Slovene and Serbo-Croatian) or stress position (Bulgarian), and in West Slavic languages as vowel length. ==System== For Late Proto-Slavic (also known as ''Common Slavic'') the following prosodemes are traditionally reconstructed: * (unicode:⟨ő⟩) ''acute'' or ''old acute''; e.g. *kőrva * (unicode:⟨ȍ⟩) ''short circumflex''; e.g. *slȍvo * (unicode:⟨ȏ⟩) ''long circumflex''; e.g. *zȏlto * (unicode:⟨ò⟩) ''short neoacute''; e.g. *bòbъ * (unicode:⟨õ⟩) ''long neoacute''; e.g. *kõrljь * (unicode:⟨o̍⟩) general accent mark, usually on the last syllable where according to the traditional doctrine all of the historically long syllables where shortened Old acute could occur on any syllable of a word ( *ba̋ba, *lopa̋ta, *golva̋), but only on long syllable; i.e. on *a, *i, *u, *y, *ě, *ę, *ǫ which are etymologically always long and diphthongs of the type *VR: *ьr, *ъr, *ьl, *ъl, *er, *or, *el, *ol which are as diphthongs always long. Phonetically it is traditionally reconstructed as a long rising tone, according to the reflex in Slovene which is rising〔The length is secondary.〕 and the pleophonic reflex in Russian which has accent on the second part (i.e. of (unicode:VRV́) type). Within Balto-Slavic framework this matches with rising intonation of the cognate Latvian (unicode:⟨õ⟩) and length marks on the second part of diphthongs in Old Prussian. However, critics of this interpretation claim that one can hardly derive the Serbo-Croatian short falling tone (unicode:⟨ȍ⟩), shortness in Slovak, length in Czech and the rising intonation in Russian pleophony from the former long rising tone. Some speculate that Proto-Slavic acute was phonetically in fact something entirely different, e.g. a glottalized syllable comparable to stød in Danish, or something similar. Short and long circumflex are traditionally marked with two different symbols, even though we're dealing with the same prosodeme on short ( *e, *o, *ь, *ъ) and long ( *a, *i, *u, *y, *ě, *ę, *ǫ, *VR) syllables, respectively. Circumflex occurred only on the absolute beginning of a phonetic word, and words with initial circumflex were phonologically probably unaccented. That phonological unaccentedness was manifested as a falling tone (which is confirmed by Serbo-Croatian, Slovene and Russian reflexes). On neocircumflex see below. Short and long neoacute are also are traditionally marked with two different symbols, and we're also dealing with the same prosodeme on short and long vowels. Neoacute is traditionally reconstructed as a rising intonation on the basis of Slovene and Russian, and the description of dialectal Serbo-Croatian (Chakavian) (unicode:⟨õ⟩) as a rising tone. Short neoacute has a distinct reflex in Slovak and some Russian dialects. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proto-Slavic accent」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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